How Does Menopause Affect Sleep Apnea?

Many believe that sleep apnea primarily affects older, overweight men. However, the sleep disorder actually affects both genders equally. In women, going through menopause (the natural cessation of menstrual cycles, marking the end of a woman’s reproductive years) can increase the risk of developing the condition. As estrogen levels decline, menopausal women may find themselves navigating not only hot flashes and mood swings but also potential disruptions in their sleep patterns.

The Connection Between Menopause and Sleep Apnea

Menopause can influence sleep apnea in several ways, potentially exacerbating or contributing to its development. Hormonal changes during menopause, specifically the decrease in estrogen levels, can impact various factors related to sleep apnea:

Weight Gain

Hormonal changes can lead to an increase in body fat, particularly around the abdomen. This weight gain may contribute to the development or worsening of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), where excess weight can contribute to airway obstruction during sleep.

Changes in Neck and Throat Tissues

Reduced estrogen levels can affect the elasticity and tone of the tissues in the neck and throat. This loss of muscle tone may increase the likelihood of airway collapse during sleep, contributing to or worsening sleep apnea.

Increased Risk of Insomnia

Menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes and night sweats, can disrupt sleep and contribute to insomnia. Poor sleep quality and fragmented sleep can, in turn, affect respiratory function and potentially worsen sleep apnea.

Hormonal Fluctuations

Hormonal fluctuations during menopause may influence the central nervous system and respiratory control, potentially impacting the stability of breathing patterns during sleep.

Risk of Central Sleep Apnea

Menopause may be associated with an increased risk of central sleep apnea (CSA), a type of sleep apnea where the brain fails to send proper signals to the muscles that control breathing. While the exact relationship is not fully understood, hormonal changes may play a role in the development of CSA.

How Is Sleep Apnea From Menopause Treated?

Addressing sleep apnea during menopause may involve a combination of lifestyle modifications, weight management, and, in some cases, the use of oral appliance or other sleep apnea therapy. Managing sleep apnea related to menopause involves addressing both the hormonal changes and sleep-disrupting symptoms that contribute to the condition. Here are some strategies that may help:

• Oral Appliance Therapy: Oral appliance therapy involves the wearing of an oral appliance similar to a retainer that helps to keep the tongue firmly in place so it doesn’t fall back into the throat. An oral appliance is an alternative to a noisy and cumbersome CPAP machine.

• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Discussing hormone replacement therapy with a healthcare provider may be an option. HRT can help alleviate some menopausal symptoms, which, in turn, might positively impact sleep apnea.
• Weight Management: If weight gain during menopause is a contributing factor, adopting a healthy diet and exercise routine can be beneficial. Weight loss may help reduce the severity of obstructive sleep apnea.
• Sleep Positioning: Encouraging side sleeping rather than sleeping on the back may help prevent airway obstruction in some cases of obstructive sleep apnea.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Adopting good sleep hygiene practices, such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, creating a comfortable sleep environment, and avoiding stimulants before bedtime, can contribute to better sleep quality.
• Manage Menopausal Symptoms: Addressing specific menopausal symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats may improve sleep quality. This can be achieved through lifestyle changes, HRT, or other interventions suggested by a healthcare professional.

It’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider for a comprehensive evaluation and personalized treatment plan. They can help identify the specific factors contributing to sleep apnea during menopause and recommend appropriate interventions to improve sleep quality and overall well-being.